What does "roman à clef" refer to in literature?

"Roman à clef" refers to a type of novel where the characters and events are based on real-life figures and situations, but they are presented in a fictional narrative. This literary form allows authors to explore real issues and relationships while maintaining a layer of distance through fiction. Readers familiar with the historical or cultural context are able to decode the true identities of characters, which adds a layer of depth and engagement to the reading experience. The knowledge of real-life figures is essential for fully grasping the nuances of the story, as the work often contains allegorical or satirical elements addressing real events or personalities.