How does deductive reasoning differ from inductive reasoning?

Deductive reasoning is characterized by its logical progression from general principles or premises to specific conclusions. This method starts with a general statement or hypothesis that is widely accepted and, through a process of reasoning, arrives at a conclusion that is specific and derived from that general premise. For example, if one assumes that all humans are mortal (general premise) and identifies Socrates as a human, one can deduce that Socrates is mortal (specific conclusion).

This contrasts sharply with inductive reasoning, which involves starting with specific observations or instances and moving towards a broader generalization or theory. Inductive reasoning gathers data and allows for conclusions that may suggest a probable outcome based on the observations but do not guarantee the truth of the conclusion.

Understanding this fundamental difference highlights why the correct choice specifically identifies that deductive reasoning moves from general to specific, which is a hallmark of logical reasoning structures.